Design and implementation of silicon single-photon avalanche photodiode modeling tool for QKD systems

Single-photon detection concept is the most crucial factor that determines performance of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. In this paper, a simulator with time domain visualizers and configurable parameters using continuous simulation approach presented for modeling investigating single-photon detectors operating in Gieger mode at wavelength 830 nm. The widely used C30921S silicon avalanche photodiode was modeled terms pulse, effect experiment conditions such as excess voltage, temperature average photon number on efficiency, dark count rate afterpulse probability. This work shows general repeatable process significant evaluation. remarkable result emerged from simulated data generated detected by commercial devices provides guidance design characterization. validation testing results (SPAD) showed acceptable theoretical experimental reported related references device's sheets.